Louis Dallimore //Strength & Conditioning
Essay//Building Size and Strength in Rugby Union AthletesProgramming

Building Size and Strength in Rugby Union Athletes

A modified APRE block design that has produced 7 to 11 kg gains in first and second year players over nine months.

When profiling new Rugby Union players, the initial assessments focus on whether athletes have adequate size and strength for their positions. This is particularly relevant when working with younger or Japanese players who may need development in those areas.

I've successfully built hypertrophy and strength using straightforward methods, with first and second year players commonly gaining 7 to 11 kg over nine months of training.

Figure 01 // 9-month gain · cohort band1st & 2nd year players
+0+3+6+9+120m3m6m9mBODY MASS GAIN (kg)MONTHS ON PROGRAMME+11 kgmidline+7 kg
Common gain trajectory for first- and second-year players on the programme. The band envelope sets the realistic 9-month range. Players close to the top of the band tend to be the youngest, lightest, and most under-trained on entry. Players near the floor are typically returners or already conditioned. Mid-line is the squad-typical curve.

The modified APRE method

The approach uses a modified APRE method, an adaptation of the established APRE (Autoregulatory Progressive Resistance Exercise) framework. The program emphasises progressive overload combined with autoregulation, allowing athletes to progress at individual rates. This proves especially valuable when field training stress is high, as it prevents athletes from overexerting themselves in the gym.

Program structure

The program cycles through four-week blocks.

Accumulation blocks (1st and 3rd)

Higher volume serves as the primary stress. Athletes perform three sets of six repetitions at 70% intensity, followed by a fourth set of maximum reps. Weight increases to 72.5% if more than 8 reps are achieved. Otherwise the load remains at 70%.

Intensity blocks (2nd and 4th)

Intensity becomes the main stressor. Athletes start with five reps at 75% and complete as many sets of five as possible. When exceeding five sets, load increases by 4% and reps decrease to four.

Figure 02 // Modified APRE // 4-week blockVolume / Intensity / Volume / Intensity
Week 01
ACCUMULATION
Primary stress
Volume
Prescription
3 × 6 + AMRAP
Intensity
70%
Week 02
INTENSITY
Primary stress
Load
Prescription
5 × 5 (AMSAP)
Intensity
75%
Week 03
ACCUMULATION
Primary stress
Volume
Prescription
3 × 6 + AMRAP
Intensity
70%
Week 04
INTENSITY
Primary stress
Load
Prescription
5 × 5 (AMSAP)
Intensity
75%
Four-week mesocycle alternating volume-led accumulation with load-led intensification. Autoregulation rules apply within each week: the AMRAP set in accumulation weeks dictates the next week’s load; the AMSAP count in intensity weeks does the same. AMRAP = as many reps as possible. AMSAP = as many sets as possible.
Figure 03 // Decision rulesAutoregulation · per block
Accumulation · W1, W3
Volume
Prescription
3 × 6 @ 70% + 1× AMRAP
Decision
AMRAP > 8 reps?
YES
Load up
Next session: 72.5%
NO
Hold
Repeat at 70%
Intensity · W2, W4
Load
Prescription
5 reps @ 75%, AMSAP
Decision
AMSAP > 5 sets?
YES
Load up
+4% load · reps → 4
NO
Hold
Repeat at 75%
AMRAP = as many reps as possible on the final set. AMSAP = as many sets as possible at the prescribed reps. Each block has one autoregulation rule, one threshold, one decision. The block stops the athlete grading himself by feel, and the rule stops the coach grading him by feel either.

A working principle

When designing strength programs, start conservatively. You can always cook it more. You can't uncook what you've already done.

The program represents only one component of athlete development. It excludes plyometrics, speed work, conditioning, and warm-ups. All of those are essential elements of comprehensive training.

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